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Match Fixing - a report

	newdelhi.net ! SPORT	Match Fixing
Chronology of events Match Fixing - terminology Betting-History Betting-Procedure Major bookies and punters Betting-Dimensions Cricketer/Officials questioned Foreign players Legal Position Latest Stories... Azhar appears before Madhavan, examination on CBI report has no legal sanctity, says Joginder Singh Irani, Ajay Jadeja, Mongia questioned Madhavan to question Kapil Income Tax dept to proceed against tainted cricketers	THE HISTORY Although betting on cricket matches was taking place on a one-to-one basis on a small scale prior to 1983, betting through syndicates, ironically, started on a major scale only after India's triumph in the 1983 World Cup. This was the period when live telecast of matches featuring India, both at home and aborad, started on a regular basis. Initially, betting was restricted to a group of friends, but by the later 1980s, it had become more organised, and a number of bookies spawned in major metropolitan cities. An interesting feature of this racket was the fact that this was set in motion mainly by bookies who were involved in betting at horse racing. By early 1990s, betting on cricket had spread across India and had attained a measure of sophistication. Typically, all that a bookie needed to start his profession was a telephone connection, a television set, a not book and a clientele who were basically known to the bookie through various contacts. As at the race course, in cricket also, a person who places bets with a bookie is called a punter. Any cricket match which is shown live on television, whether an international, domestic, veteran or festival match, activates the betting syndicate. All transactions in this trade are carried on by word of mouth. For example, if punter wants to place his bets in particular match, all that he does is call up his bookie over telephone, find out the 'odds' and place his bets for a particular amount. No money changes hand at this point of time and the punter's bet is duly entered by the bookie in his note book. After the conclusion of the match, exchange of money takes place and the note book is destroyed. In the early years, betting was mainly confined to the final outcome of a match, but, over a period of time, betting on other aspects like the toss, individual scores, team scores, etc. generally termed "spread betting", also started. By the middle of 1990s, with a surfeit of one-day matches being shown live on television and also the onset of cable revolution in which international matches featuring countries other than India also began to be telecast live, betting had taken the shape of a massive organised racket. The introduction of mobile phone in the mid '90s also gave a major fillip to this racket, since bookies and punters were no longer solely dependent on P&T lines for communication and could also be more mobile. Bombay emerged as the major center for betting, followed by Delhi and other metropolitan cities such as Calcutta, Chennai, Ahmedabad and even smaller district towns. Bombay took the lead in this racket since the 'odds' on which bets were placed in any match hroughout India was determined by the bookies based in Bombay. Currently also Bombay remains the base around which all betting operations in India revolve.	Related Stories... Lucknow stunned Indian help sought After the fix, withdrawal symptoms Fear stalks English cricket CBI report has loopholes, failed to probe certain angles Match-fixing: BCCI delays judgement Australian media hails CBI report into match-fixing Jadeja manhandles photographer Filing of corruption case against Azhar,Ajay Sharma possible Former Pak capt. Asif Iqbal big player in match fixing England silent on Stewart's involvement in matchfixing Ranatunga, De Silva summoned by Sri Lankan board They says

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