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Match Fixing - terminology

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BETTING PROCEDURE

The 'odds' for a particular match are decided among bookies based on certain accepted criteria such as the relative strength of the two opposing teams, previous record, pitch and weather conditions, team composition, etc. for example, if two teams, 'A' and 'B', are scheduled to play, and where 'A' is perceived to be relatively weaker than 'B', then the odds may be 60 paise on 'B' and 150 paise on 'A'. After these 'odds' have been decided upon, primarily by bookies based in Mumbai, they are transmitted telephonically to bookies in different parts of India and betting starts.

Punters place bets with concerned bookies over telephone. For example, if a punter places a bet of Rs. 1 lakh on team 'B' winning the match, he will get Rs. 60,000/-, if team 'B' actually wins. On the other hand, if he places a bet on 'A' winning the match and if team 'A' actually wins the match, he will get a sum of Rs. 1,50,000/-. However, in case he loses his bet in either instance, then he pays a sum of one lakh which he placed as a bet, to the concerned Bookie. The whole betting procedure is a very flexible system in which 'odds' keep changing during the course of the match depending on how the match is progressing and the punter can conclude and place fresh bets according to his judgement.

Without going into the intricacies of changing 'odds' during the course of a match, it is emphasised that bookies generally manipulate the 'odds' in such a manner that they seldom incur huge losses. It is generally the punter who risks losing his money. The 'odds', which keep fluctuating as the match progresses, are transmitted to the bookies throughout India by mobile phone, pager or through the 'Dibba' system.

The 'Dibba' has a phone with speaker facility. The person operating the 'Dibba' will normally have a Mini Exchange in which there are 10 to 12 incoming and around 100 outgoings lines. An operator will constantly receive the prevailing 'odds' in the incoming lines from the bid bookies. These 'odds' are in turn constantly passed on to the other bookies/punters through the outgoing lines from the phone with speaker facility. The outgoing lines are also used by bookies/punters throughout India for the latest information about prevailing 'odds' at Mumbai. The outgoing lines are kept energised throughout the match. Our enquiry has disclosed that primarily the owners of STD booths act as conduits in this sort of a communication network.

The operations of betting syndicate in India are in the nature of a cartel. This primarily means that there are no two groups of bookies who fix 'odds' at widely differing rates. This, to a degree, ensures that there is no cut-throat competition which harms the interest of bookies.

In spite of this, if there are any difference regarding any particular match, these are sorted out mutually among themselves.

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